Sunday, May 3, 2015

Technologies That Enable Mobility - Pros and Cons

  1. List functional manipulative tasks that can be aided by assistive technologies
Assistive technology is used as a manipulative function to people it helps theme do thing that they can not other wise do by themselves. for a a child things that are done at school or at home that they need help with. 
  1. Describe the operation of electrically powered feeding aids

Individuals who have trouble with their upper limbs  use the feeding aids to help them eat and control the upper body movement. the cons it that not all of the aids help them well and they soon get to dependent on theses aids an the cost is very expense.

  1. List the features and design properties of electronic page turners

Individuals with disabilities  have trouble with their motor skills   and the page turns help with controlling the motor skills   such as help  Reading books, magazines, or newspapers is important in various domains of daily living, such as work, school, and leisure. The cons are the they depend on thes turners to much and it handicap them.
  1. List the functions carried out by environmental control systems

The functions of Environmental Control allows people with disabilities to control functions in their own living space such as  turning on their tv, opening doors, answering their telephones gets. the cons are that theses controls sometimes don not always work well.

  1. Describe the basic components of environmental control systems and how they are implemented

The basic components of Environmental Control Units, are environmental control systems: input devices, the processor, and outputs. The input device is the part of the ECU that the user interacts with to effect a change. These alternative input devices are used by persons with disabilities where the users are unable to use typical multi-button controllers.
  1. Discuss the uses of robotic devices in aiding manipulation by person with disabilities


Robotic devices gives a person with disabilities the inability and stigmatizing, they have evolved to be highly mobile forms of self-expression that are often fitted to each individual user.
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Technologies That Enable Mobility - Glossary of Terms

Anti-Tip Devices – These are brackets with metal devices designed to prevent freestanding ranges from tipping.
Example:
A wheelchair has a pair of wheels supporting a frame, a pair of front castors, a seat, and an anti-tipping device on the frame.


 Armrests - Occupants can rest their arms. Armrests should support your lower arms and allow your upper arms to remain close to the torso and made of soft material and have rounded edges.
 Example:
Armrests, if provided, should be soft, allow your shoulders to relax and occupants can rest their arms.


 Bariatric Chairs - Lift recline chairs and lifting devices.
 Example:
 Cater for the larger person and features increased weight capacities, heavy duty supports and wider widths to fit the person needs.


 Bariatric - This branch of medicine deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of   obesity.
 Example:
 Obesity.


 Camber –A variety of curvatures and angles.
 Example:
 The angle made by the wheels of a vehicle


 Center of Gravity – This is the point in the body at which the acceleration caused by gravity islocalized.
 Example:
 The center of an object's weight distribution, where the force of gravity can be considered to act.


 Center of Mass - The unique point at the center of a distribution of mass in space that has the property that the weighted position vectors relative to this point sum to zero.
 Example:
 The mean location of a distribution of mass in space.


 Dependent Mobility System - Mobility systems that are propelled by an attendant.
 Example:
 Strollers, generic wheelchairs, and transport chairs.


 Electrically Powered Wheelchair – A wheelchair that is moved via the means of an electric motor and navigational controls, usually a small joystick mounted on the armrest, rather than using manual power.
 Example:
 An electric-powered wheelchair 


 Front Rigging - Swingaway Frame
 Example:
 Swingaway Frame


 Independent Manual Mobility System - Systems in which the user has the ability to propel the device using body power only.
 Example:
 Systems in which the user has the ability to propel the device using body power only.


 Independent Powered Mobility - Motorized wheelchairs that are controlled by the user.
 Example:
 Motorized wheelchairs 


 Lightweight Wheelchair – This Allow for weight capacities up to 300 pounds while keeping the total weight of the chair under 35 pounds.
 Example:
 Allow for weight capacities up to 300 pounds while keeping the total weight of the chair under 35 pounds.


 Low-Shear System –  A Systems in which the back hinges to the seat in a manner that reduces the movement of tissue across the seating surface during tilting or reclining of the seat.
 Example:
 Systems in which the back hinges to the seat in a manner that reduces the movement of tissue across the seating surface during tilting or reclining of the seat.


 Manual Wheelchair – A chair propelled by the occupant, usually by turning the large rear wheels, from 20-24 inches (51–61 cm) in average diameter, and resembling bicycle wheels.
 Example:
 Manual wheelchairs are those that require human power to move them.


 Non proportional Control  - A system or method for driving a power driven wheelchair.
 Example:
 A motor controller to control the power driven wheelchair.


 Proportional Control – A linear feedback control system.
 Example:
 Proportional control is how most drivers control the speed of a car.


 Push Handles - A device that a person must move themselves without the assistance of a battery.
 Example:
 Self-propel - which requires the user to propel with the use of their limbs, and companion propelled, which means that you must have a person to push you.


 Rigid Ultra-lightweight Wheelchair - An upgrade over a heavy wheelchair that can cause your condition to worsen and may also lead to further physical problems.
 Example:
Custom wheelchairs designed for very active users who are after the ultimate in performance.

 Scooter - A powered wheelchair design with three or four wheels, a tiller steering system, and a bucket mounted to a single post. 
 Example:
 A powered wheelchair used by marginal ambulators who need mobility assistance to conserve energy.


 Shear - Occurs when forces are parallel, such as the movement that occurs as the head of the femur moves across the acetabulum during hip movement.
 Example:
 When a patient slumps in a chair.

 Smart Wheelchair - Any motorized platform with a chair designed to assist a user who has a  physical disability.
 Example:
Lightweight Portable and Foldable Electric Powered Wheelchair


 Standard Wheelchair -A powered wheelchair with the base designed to the conventional manual wheelchair’s frame and has large rear wheels with small front casters.
 Example:
 A powered wheelchair in which the base is similar in design to the conventional manual wheelchair frame, with large rear wheels and small front casters.


 Standing Wheelchair - Chairs used for environmental access and pressure relief. Control of speed can be done with a joy-stick controller.
 Example:
 Featuring an easy to access joy-stick controller that allows you to fully control the movement of the chair. It also features a stand up mode, which allows you to drive the chair while in a standing position.


 Supporting Structure –A structured that consists of the frame of a wheelchair and its attachment.
 Example:
 The frame of a wheelchair and its attachment.


 Tilt - Wheelchair systems with all seating angles preset to consumer’s needs and the entire seating system is tilted back as one piece.
 Example:
A seat-back angle that is maintained as the seating system rotates around a fixed or sliding pivot point.


 Transitional Mobility Device – A powered mobility devices that’s used to augment a young child’s independent locomotion without the complexity and expense of a powered wheelchair.
 Example:
 Powered mobility devices.


 Ultra-lightweight Wheelchair – This chair provides you with a lightweight solution for your personal needs, without sacrificiperformance and durability.
 Example:
Folding wheelchairs, meaning that the frame can be folded and stored into a small space, such as a vehicle trunk, car garage or storage space.


 Wheel-Lock -  A  friction-wheel mechanism to cause a spark for firing a firearm.
 Example:

A friction-wheel mechanism to cause a spark for firing a firearm.
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Technologies That Enable Mobility -Conceptual Framework Model

Conceptual Framework Model

The Conceptual Framework Model “SHARED VISION” purpose is to provide coherence for initial and advanced programs for teachers and other professional school personnel.  The focus on “Reflective Practitioner” means to prepare students to be reflective practitioners.  This means that they select and implement plans as they learn and become a decision maker.  They become a reflective practitioner as they continually evaluate their choices and others in their learning community.  These students become knowledgably by having an understanding of the different ways people learn and the way they apply that knowledge.  This reflection leads to change and the revising of plans or start all over again.  The decision-making cycle is represented by rotating arrows that is continuous and promotes professional growth.  Being a reflective practitioner is very important in an education setting because they are learning from their own professional experiences.  These educators are lifelong learners who are always learning and building knowledge to help them grow professionally.  This framework offers them a program that helps them to become a reflective practitioner and achieve their goal by gaining knowledge that they can use throughout their life. 


Technologies That Enable Mobility - Glossary of Terms means that people can live independent lives alone at any age because technology has provided these people with the aid and manipulation control they need to live in their environment. People who need his type of assistive living can live and work in their environment by using the different types of aids available to help support them in their daily living.  Technologies that aid manipulation and control of environment can enhance mobility, give assistance with home chores, provide devices for particular functions, and make it safe and easy for these people to live normal lives.

Devices that Enhance Mobility and Manipulation:

1. List functional manipulative tasks that can be aided by assistive technologies
  • People with physical disabilities that affect movement can use mobility aids, such as wheelchairs, scooters, walkers, canes, crutches, prosthetic devices, and orthotic devices, to enhance their mobility. 
  • Hearing aids can improve hearing ability in persons with hearing problems.
  • Cognitive assistance, including computer or electrical assistive devices, can help people function following brain injury.
  • Computer software and hardware, such as voice recognition programs, screen readers, and screen enlargement applications, help people with mobility and sensory impairments use computer technology.
  • In the classroom and elsewhere, assistive devices, such as automatic page-turners, book holders, and adapted pencil grips, allow learners with disabilities to participate in educational activities.
  • Closed captioning allows people with hearing impairments to enjoy movies and television programs. 
  • Barriers in community buildings, businesses, and workplaces can be removed or modified to improve accessibility. Such modifications include ramps, automatic door openers, grab bars, and wider doorways.
  • Lightweight, high-performance wheelchairs have been designed for organized sports, such as basketball, tennis, and racing. 
  • Adaptive switches make it possible for a child with limited motor skills to play with toys and games.
  • Many types of devices help people with disabilities perform such tasks as cooking, dressing, and grooming. Kitchen implements are available with large, cushioned grips to help people with weakness or arthritis in their hands. Medication dispensers with alarms can help people remember to take their medicine on time. People who use wheelchairs for mobility can use extendable reaching devices to reach items on shelves. 
2. Describe the operation of electrically powered feeding aids
There is motivation for people to learn to feed themselves.  There are commercially available feeders that are useful for people who have controlled movements of the head and neck and can take food off of a feeding utensil that is brought close I mouth. 
  • The Winsford Feeder (Winsford Products, Pennington, NJ) and the Beeson Feeder (Maddox Inc.,Pequannock, N.J.) 
  • Handy I (Rehab Robotics Ltd., Staffordshire, U.K.), a robotic arm that is programmed for feeding. Most feeders consist of an articulated, electrically powered arm with a spoon at its end, a plate on a rotating turntable and an auxiliary arm that may be used to push food on to the spoon. The user controls, through the use of switches, the movement of the different

3. List the features and design properties of electronic page turners
Some individuals have been diagnosed with arthritis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and acquired brain injury may often experience difficulties with fine motor tasks due to poor hand functioning and this may be a result of spasticity, contractures, joint subluxation, or structural deformities in the hand. Reading is also an example of an activity that might be difficult for these people to do that require fine motor skill to turn a page. Reading books, magazines, or newspapers is very important in daily living, such as work, school, and leisure.  Other limited commercially available options available to address this problem, such as electronic book readers, and using a rubber-tipped rod in a universal cuff.  Though, electronic reader is portable, feedback from users indicate that eye strain is a problematic issue.  Using a rubber-tipped rod in a universal cuff attached to the palm of one’s hand is an inexpensive and portable option with feedback from users and occupational therapists note its inefficiency because it often takes multiple tries to turn one page.
4. List the functions carried out by environmental control systems
Environmental Control allows people with disabilities to control functions in their own living space. This might include opening doors and windows, functions such as controlling a door intercom system, lights, a telephone, bed functions, TV, DVD player, cable TV boxes, and the stereo. In addition to consumer products such as TVs, DVD players, cable TV boxes, and stereos, users also need to be able to control other functions in their homes. Some manufactures provide users with an all-in-one solution that uses one transmitter to control everything.
  • Doors. IR-controlled door-openers allow users to come and go from their own homes independently.
  • Windows. Electric window-openers let you open and close the windows in your home.
  • Lights/Devices. Lights and other devices can be easily switched on or off using a wireless relay unit. It is easy to set up the relay unit, to move it, and change it for new functions.
  • Beds. A bed receiver allows the user to independently adjust the sleeping position of an electronically controlled bed.
  • External doors. A door intercom allows the user to speak to people calling at the external door and let them in from anywhere in the home – even from bed.
  • Telephone. A remote-controlled GewaTel 200 speaker telephone provides safety, security and greater independence by providing access to emergency services, answering the phone, and making phone calls to stored numbers.

5. Describe the basic components of environmental control systems and how they are implemented
Environmental Control Units are the equipment that people with disabilities use to interact with and control their environments. They can control a wide range of electronic devices including garage doors, thermostats, windows, doors, beds, “call nurse” buttons, telephones or audio recording devices, lights, televisions, and radios.  
There are three main parts to environmental control systems: 
  • input devices (the user interface that accepts inputs from the user) Part of the ECU that users interacts with to effect a change,
  • the processor (the unit that sends signals to control the electronic devices), and
  • outputs  (the devices to be controlled).
6. Discuss the uses of robotic devices in aiding manipulation by person with disabilities
The use of robotic devices is to perfume manipulation on a daily basis.  
One of the areas in which science and engineering are making the breakthroughs of tomorrow is in applying computer modeling, rapid-prototyping and robotics to create electric powered mobility and manipulation devices. These devices provide people with very severe disabilities — those that affect both the use of their arms and legs — the ability to perform tasks with minimal assistance or even independently.

Computer modeling allows engineers to design and simulate systems within a virtual space.  These simulations range from the mechanical and circuit design to the complex control and coordination systems needed to make all of the components work together. One of the greatest challenges is ensuring that the powered mobility and manipulation device actually meets the user’s needs, and that the science is guided by problems facing people with disabilities. 


For people who have limited or no use of their arms, it is equally as challenging to complete such tasks as making a sandwich, putting away clothes, and shopping.   People with some severe disabilities require a person to help them perform tasks, such as adjusting their jacket, which many of us take for granted. Rapid-prototyping and robotics provide some promising solutions to at least some of the challenges faced by people with severe mobility and manipulation, and offer hope for greater independence.  Rapid-prototyping helps engineers to make models and even one-off devices in a cost effective and timely manner. This allows computer models to become physical models within days, and real systems within months rather than years. This accelerates the research and design process, and affords people with disabilities more opportunities to participate in the scientific process.  Robotics has traditionally focused on replacing humans in the performance of tasks to achieve greater efficiencies or to reduce human exposure to risk.

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Technologies That Enable Mobility - Questions

Question # 4
What are the primary types of work or school adaptations provided by low tech manipulation aids?
 It helps with reading and wringing and learning to hold things without the essential tremors.

Question # 3
What are the primary  types of selfceare adaptations provided by low tech manipulation aids?
By helping with balance and getting things where they want them.

Question # 5
What are the primary types or reaction and leisure adaptations provided by low tech manipulation aids?
This help manage daily living activities .

Question # 6
What are the fuctions provided by electrically powered feeders?
First locate the type of food and then second picking it up and  and getting it to the mouth to be eaten .

Question # 7
What are the two major approaches used in electrically powered pager turned?

Separating the page to be turned from the other page and physically moving the page backwards and forwards.

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Technologies That Enable Mobility - Reflections

List functional manipulative tasks that can be aided by assistive technologies
Assistive technology is used as a manipulative function to people it helps theme do thing that they can not other wise do by themselves. for a a child things that are done at school or at home that they need help with. 




Describe the operation of electrically powered feeding aids
  
Individuals who have trouble with their upper limbs  use the feeding aids to help them eat and control the upper body movement. the cons it that not all of the aids help them well and they soon get to dependent on theses aids an the cost is very expense.





List the features and design properties of electronic page turners

Individuals with disabilities  have trouble with their motor skills   and the page turns help with controlling the motor skills   such as help  Reading books, magazines, or newspapers is important in various domains of daily living, such as work, school, and leisure. The cons are the they depend on theses turners to much and it can handicap them.





List the functions carried out by environmental control systems
The functions of Environmental Control allows people with disabilities to control functions in their own living space such as  turning on their tv, opening doors, answering their telephones gets. the cons are that theses controls sometimes don not always work well.




Describe the basic components of environmental control systems and how they are implemented

The basic components of Environmental Control Units, are environmental control systems: input devices, the processor, and outputs. The input device is the part of the ECU that the user interacts with to effect a change. These alternative input devices are used by persons with disabilities where the users are unable to use typical multi-button controllers.






Discuss the uses of robotic devices in aiding manipulation by person with disabilities

Robotic devices gives a person with disabilities the inability and stigmatizing, they have evolved to be highly mobile forms of self-expression that are often fitted to each individual user.





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Technologies That Enable Mobility - Glossary of Terms

Anti-Tip Devices – These are brackets with metal devices designed to prevent freestanding ranges from tipping.
Example:
A wheelchair has a pair of wheels supporting a frame, a pair of front castors, a seat, and an anti-tipping device on the frame.


 Armrests - Occupants can rest their arms. Armrests should support your lower arms and allow your upper arms to remain close to the torso and made of soft material and have rounded edges.
 Example:
Armrests, if provided, should be soft, allow your shoulders to relax and occupants can rest their arms.


 Bariatric Chairs - Lift recline chairs and lifting devices.
 Example:
 Cater for the larger person and features increased weight capacities, heavy duty supports and wider widths to fit the person needs.


 Bariatric - This branch of medicine deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of   obesity.
 Example:
 Obesity.


 Camber –A variety of curvatures and angles.
 Example:
 The angle made by the wheels of a vehicle


 Center of Gravity – This is the point in the body at which the acceleration caused by gravity islocalized.
 Example:
 The center of an object's weight distribution, where the force of gravity can be considered to act.


 Center of Mass - The unique point at the center of a distribution of mass in space that has the property that the weighted position vectors relative to this point sum to zero.
 Example:
 The mean location of a distribution of mass in space.


 Dependent Mobility System - Mobility systems that are propelled by an attendant.
 Example:
 Strollers, generic wheelchairs, and transport chairs.


 Electrically Powered Wheelchair – A wheelchair that is moved via the means of an electric motor and navigational controls, usually a small joystick mounted on the armrest, rather than using manual power.
 Example:
 An electric-powered wheelchair 


 Front Rigging - Swingaway Frame
 Example:
 Swingaway Frame


 Independent Manual Mobility System - Systems in which the user has the ability to propel the device using body power only.
 Example:
 Systems in which the user has the ability to propel the device using body power only.


 Independent Powered Mobility - Motorized wheelchairs that are controlled by the user.
 Example:
 Motorized wheelchairs 


 Lightweight Wheelchair – This Allow for weight capacities up to 300 pounds while keeping the total weight of the chair under 35 pounds.
 Example:
 Allow for weight capacities up to 300 pounds while keeping the total weight of the chair under 35 pounds.


 Low-Shear System –  A Systems in which the back hinges to the seat in a manner that reduces the movement of tissue across the seating surface during tilting or reclining of the seat.
 Example:
 Systems in which the back hinges to the seat in a manner that reduces the movement of tissue across the seating surface during tilting or reclining of the seat.


 Manual Wheelchair – A chair propelled by the occupant, usually by turning the large rear wheels, from 20-24 inches (51–61 cm) in average diameter, and resembling bicycle wheels.
 Example:
 Manual wheelchairs are those that require human power to move them.


 Non proportional Control  - A system or method for driving a power driven wheelchair.
 Example:
 A motor controller to control the power driven wheelchair.


 Proportional Control – A linear feedback control system.
 Example:
 Proportional control is how most drivers control the speed of a car.


 Push Handles - A device that a person must move themselves without the assistance of a battery.
 Example:
 Self-propel - which requires the user to propel with the use of their limbs, and companion propelled, which means that you must have a person to push you.


 Rigid Ultra-lightweight Wheelchair - An upgrade over a heavy wheelchair that can cause your condition to worsen and may also lead to further physical problems.
 Example:
Custom wheelchairs designed for very active users who are after the ultimate in performance.

 Scooter - A powered wheelchair design with three or four wheels, a tiller steering system, and a bucket mounted to a single post. 
 Example:
 A powered wheelchair used by marginal ambulators who need mobility assistance to conserve energy.


 Shear - Occurs when forces are parallel, such as the movement that occurs as the head of the femur moves across the acetabulum during hip movement.
 Example:
 When a patient slumps in a chair.

 Smart Wheelchair - Any motorized platform with a chair designed to assist a user who has a  physical disability.
 Example:
Lightweight Portable and Foldable Electric Powered Wheelchair


 Standard Wheelchair -A powered wheelchair with the base designed to the conventional manual wheelchair’s frame and has large rear wheels with small front casters.
 Example:
 A powered wheelchair in which the base is similar in design to the conventional manual wheelchair frame, with large rear wheels and small front casters.


 Standing Wheelchair - Chairs used for environmental access and pressure relief. Control of speed can be done with a joy-stick controller.
 Example:
 Featuring an easy to access joy-stick controller that allows you to fully control the movement of the chair. It also features a stand up mode, which allows you to drive the chair while in a standing position.


 Supporting Structure –A structured that consists of the frame of a wheelchair and its attachment.
 Example:
 The frame of a wheelchair and its attachment.


 Tilt - Wheelchair systems with all seating angles preset to consumer’s needs and the entire seating system is tilted back as one piece.
 Example:
A seat-back angle that is maintained as the seating system rotates around a fixed or sliding pivot point.


 Transitional Mobility Device – A powered mobility devices that’s used to augment a young child’s independent locomotion without the complexity and expense of a powered wheelchair.
 Example:
 Powered mobility devices.


 Ultra-lightweight Wheelchair – This chair provides you with a lightweight solution for your personal needs, without sacrificiperformance and durability.
 Example:
Folding wheelchairs, meaning that the frame can be folded and stored into a small space, such as a vehicle trunk, car garage or storage space.


 Wheel-Lock -  A  friction-wheel mechanism to cause a spark for firing a firearm.
 Example:

A friction-wheel mechanism to cause a spark for firing a firearm.

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